SUBSTITUTES APPENDIX A OF THE OMAC 1999

OLYMPIC MOVEMENT ANTI-DOPING CODE
APPENDIX A
PROHIBITED CLASSES OF SUBSTANCES AND PROHIBITED METHODS

2003
1 January 2003

I. PROHIBITED CLASSES OF SUBSTANCES
A. STIMULANTS
a
Prohibited substances in class A.a include the following examples with both their Land
D-isomers

amiphenazole, amphetamines, bromantan, caffeine*, carphedon, cocaine,
ephedrines**, fencamfamin, mesocarb, pentetrazol, pipradrol,
... and related substances.

* For caffeine the definition of a positive is a concentration in urine greater
than 12 micrograms per millilitre.
** For ephedrine and methylephedrine, the definition of a positive is a
concentration in urine greater than 10 micrograms per millilitre. For cathine, the
definition of a positive is a concentration in urine greater than 5 micrograms per
millilitre. For phenylpropanolamine and pseudoephedrine, the definition of a positive
is a concentration in urine greater than 25 micrograms per millilitre.

NOTE: All imidazole preparations are acceptable for topical use. Vasoconstrictors
may be administered with local anaesthetic agents. Topical preparations (e.g. nasal,
ophthalmological, rectal) of adrenaline are permitted. Bupropion, synephrine and
phenylephrine are permitted

b

Prohibited substances in class A.b include the following examples with both their Land
D-isomers

The explanatory note concerning this list is available on the Internet, at
http://multimedia.olympic.org/pdf/en_report_541.pdf

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formoterol***, salbutamol***, salmeterol*** and terbutaline*** … and related
substances

*** permitted by inhaler only to prevent and/or treat asthma and exercise-induced asthma.
Written notification by a respiratory or team physician that the athlete has asthma and/or
exercise-induced asthma is necessary to the relevant medical authority prior to competition.
At the Olympics Games, athletes who request permission to inhale a permitted beta-2
agonist, will be assessed by an independent medical panel.

B. NARCOTICS
Prohibited substances in class (B) include the following examples:
buprenorphine, dextromoramide, diamorphine (heroin), methadone, morphine,
pentazocine, pethidine,... and related substances.

NOTE: codeine, dextromethorphan, dextropropoxyphene, dihydrocodeine,
diphenoxylate, ethylmorphine, pholcodine, propoxyphene and tramadol are
permitted.

C. ANABOLIC AGENTS
Prohibited substances in class (C) include the following examples:
1. Anabolic androgenic steroids
a.
clostebol, fluoxymesterone, metandienone, metenolone, nandrolone,
19-norandrostenediol, 19-norandrostenedione, oxandrolone, stanozolol,
... and related substances.

b.
androstenediol, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA),
dihydrotestosterone, testosterone*,
... and related substances.

Evidence obtained from metabolic profiles and/or isotopic ratio
measurements may be used to draw definitive conclusions.

* The presence of a testosterone (T) to epitestostrone (E) ratio greater than
six (6) to one (1) in the urine of a competitor constitutes an offence unless there is
evidence that this ratio is due to a physiological or pathological condition, e.g. low
epitestosterone excretion, androgen producing tumour, enzyme deficiencies.
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In the case of T/E greater than 6, it is mandatory that the relevant medical
authority conducts an investigation before the sample is declared positive. A full
report will be written and will include a review of previous tests, subsequent tests
and any results of endocrine investigations. In the event that previous tests are not
available, the athlete should be tested unannounced at least once per month for
three months. The results of these investigations should be included in the report.
Failure to co-operate in the investigations will result in declaring the sample positive.

2.
Other anabolic agents
clenbuterol, salbutamol *

* For salbutamol, a concentration in urine greater than 1000 nanograms per
millilitre of non-sulphated salbutamol constitutes a doping violation.

D.
DIURETICS
Prohibited substances in class (D) include the following examples:

acetazolamide, bumetanide, chlortalidone, etacrynic acid, furosemide,
hydrochlorothiazide, mannitol*, mersalyl, spironolactone, triamterene,
... and related substances.

* Prohibited by intravenous injection.
E.
PEPTIDE HORMONES, MIMETICS AND ANALOGUES
Prohibited substances in class (E) include the following examples and their
analogues and mimetics:

1.
Chorionic Gonadotrophin (hCG) prohibited in males only;
2.
Pituitary and synthetic gonadotrophins (LH) prohibited in males only;
3.
Corticotrophins(ACTH, tetracosactide);
4.
Growth hormone (hGH);
5.
Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF-1); and all the respective releasing factors
and their analogues;
6.
Erythropoietin (EPO);
7. Insulin*
*permitted only to treat athletes with certified insulin-dependent diabetes.
The term ‘insulin-dependent’ is used here to describe people with diabetes in whom insulin treatment
is required, in the judgement of a suitably qualified physician. It will always be the case in Type 1 and
sometimes in Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Written certification of insulin-dependent diabetes must be obtained from an endocrinologist or team
physician.

The presence of an abnormal concentration of an endogenous hormone in
class (E) or its diagnostic marker(s) in the urine of a competitor constitutes an

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offence unless it has been proven to be due to a physiological or pathological
condition.

F.
AGENTS WITH ANTI-OESTROGENIC ACTIVITY
Aromatase inhibitors, clomiphene, cyclofenil, tamoxifen are prohibited only in
males.

G. MASKING AGENTS
Prohibited substances in class (G) include the following examples:

diuretics, epitestosterone*, probenecid, plasma expanders (e.g . hydroxyethyl
starch)

Masking agents are prohibited. They are products that have the potential to impair
the excretion of prohibited substances or to conceal their presence in urine or other
samples used in doping control.

* The presence of a urinary concentration of epitestosterone greater than 200
ng/mL constitutes an anti-doping violation unless there is evidence that it is due to a
physiological condition. Isotopic ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) may be used to
draw definitive conclusions. If the results of the IRMS are inconclusive, the relevant
medical authority shall conduct an investigation before the sample is declared
positive.

II. PROHIBITED METHODS
The following procedures are prohibited:

A.
ENHANCEMENT OF OXYGEN TRANSFER
a.
Blood doping. Blood doping is the administration of autologous,
homologous or heterologous blood or red blood cell products of any origin,
other than for legitimate medical treatment.
b.
The administration of products that enhance the uptake, transport or
delivery of oxygen, e.g. modified haemoglobin products including but not
limited to bovine and cross-linked haemoglobins, microencapsulated
haemoglobin products, perfluorochemicals, and RSR13.
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B. PHARMACOLOGICAL, CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL MANIPULATION
Pharmacological, chemical and physical manipulation is the use of substances and
methods, including masking agents (ref I . G), which alter, attempt to alter or may
reasonably be expected to alter the integrity and validity of specimens collected in
doping controls. These include, without limitation, catheterisation, urine substitution
and/or tampering, inhibition of renal excretion and alterations of testosterone and
epitestosterone (ref I. G) measurements.

C.
GENE DOPING
Gene or cell doping is defined as the non-therapeutic use of genes, genetic
elements and/or cells that have the capacity to enhance athletic performance.

III.
CLASSES OF PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES IN CERTAIN
SPORTS
A. ALCOHOL
Where the rules of the governing body so provide, tests will be conducted for
ethanol.

B. CANNABINOIDS
Where the rules of the governing body so provide, tests will be conducted for
cannabinoids (e.g. Marijuana, Hashish). At the Olympic Games, tests will be
conducted for cannabinoids. A concentration in urine of 11-nor-delta 9tetrahydrocannabinol-
9-carboxylic acid (carboxy-THC) greater than 15 nanograms
per millilitre constitutes doping.

C.
LOCAL ANAESTHETICS
Injectable local anaesthetics are permitted under the following conditions:

a.
bupivacaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine, procaine, and related substances, can
be used but not cocaine. Vasoconstrictor agents may be used in conjunction
with local anaesthetics;
b. only local or intra-articular injections may be administered;
c.
only when medically justified.
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Where the rules of the governing body so provide, notification of administration may
be necessary.

D. GLUCOCORTICOSTEROIDS
The systemic use of glucocorticosteroids is prohibited when administered orally,
rectally, or by intravenous or intramuscular injection.
When medically necessary, local and intra-articular injections of glucocorticosteroids
are permitted.
Where the rules of the governing body so provide, notification of administration may
be necessary

E. BETA-BLOCKERS
Prohibited substances in class (E) include the following examples:

acebutolol, alprenolol, atenolol, labetalol, metoprolol, nadolol, oxprenolol,
propranolol, sotalol,
... and related substances.

Where the rules of the governing body so provide, tests will be conducted for beta-
blockers.

IV.
SUMMARY OF URINARY CONCENTRATIONS ABOVE WHICH
A DOPING VIOLATION HAS OCCURED
caffeine > 12 micrograms/millilitre
carboxy-THC > 15 nanograms/millilitre
cathine > 5 micrograms / milliltre
ephedrine > 10 micrograms / milliltre
epitestosterone* > 200 nanograms / millilitre
methylephedrine > 10 micrograms / millilitre
morphine > 1 microgram / millilitre
19-norandrosterone > 2 nanograms /millilitre in males
19-norandrosterone > 5 nanograms/millilitre in females
phenylpropanolamine > 25 micrograms / millilitre
pseudoephedrine > 25 micrograms / millilitre
salbutamol
(as anabolic agent) > 1000 nanograms/millilitre
T/E ratio* > 6

* referred to I.C.b and I.G.
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V.
SUBSTANCES AND METHODS PROHIBITED OUT-OFCOMPETITION
I.C.
Anabolic Agents
I.D.
Diuretics
I.E.
Peptide Hormones, Mimetics and Analogues
I.F.
Agents with Anti-Oestrogenic Activity
I.G.
Masking Agents
II.
Prohibited Methods
LIST OF EXAMPLES OF PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES
AND PROHIBITED METHODS

CAUTION: This is not an exhaustive list of prohibited substances. Many substances
that do not appear on this list are considered prohibited under the term "and related
substances".
Athletes must ensure that any medicine, supplement, over-the-counter preparation
or any other substance they use does not contain any Prohibited Substance.

STIMULANTS:

amfepramone, amiphenazole, amphetamine, bambuterol, bromantan, caffeine,
carphedon, cathine, clobenzorex, cocaine, cropropamide, crotethamide,
ephedrine, etamivan, etilamphetamine, etilefrine, fencamfamin, fenetylline,
fenfluramine, fenproporex, formoterol, heptaminol, mefenorex,
mephentermine, mesocarb, methamphetamine, methoxyphenamine,
methylenedioxyamphetamine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine,
methylephedrine, methylphenidate, nikethamide, norfenfluramine,
parahydroxyamphetamine, pemoline, pentetrazol, phendimetrazine,
phentermine, phenmetrazine, phenylpropanolamine, pholedrine, pipradrol,
prolintane, propylhexedrine, pseudoephedrine, reproterol, salbutamol,
salmeterol, selegiline, strychnine, terbutaline.

NARCOTICS:

buprenorphine, dextromoramide, diamorphine (heroin), hydrocodone,
methadone, morphine, pentazocine, pethidine.

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ANABOLIC AGENTS :

androstenediol, androstenedione, bambuterol, bolasterone, boldenone,
clenbuterol, clostebol, danazol, dehydrochlormethyltestosterone,
dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dihydrotestosterone, drostanolone,
fenoterol, fluoxymesterone, formebolone, formoterol, gestrinone, mesterolone,
metandienone, metenolone, methandriol, methyltestosterone, mibolerone,
nandrolone, 19-norandrostenediol, 19-norandrostenedione, norbolethone,
norethandrolone, oxandrolone, oxymesterone, oxymetholone, reproterol,
salbutamol, salmeterol, stanozolol, terbutaline, testosterone, trenbolone.

DIURETICS

amiloride, acetazolamide, bendroflumethiazide, bumetanide, canrenone,
chlortalidone, ethacrynic acid, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, indapamide,
mannitol (by intravenous injection), mersalyl, spironolactone, triamterene.

MASKING AGENTS

diuretics (see above), epitestosterone, probenecid, hydroxy ethyl starch.

PEPTIDE HORMONES, MIMETICS AND ANALOGUES

ACTH, erythropoietin (EPO), hCG*, hGH, insulin, LH*, IGF-1.

SUBSTANCES WITH ANTIOESTREOGENIC ACTIVITY

clomiphene*, cyclofenil*, tamoxifen*.

* prohibited in males only

BETA BLOCKERS

acebutolol, alprenolol, atenolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol, bunolol, carteolol,
carvedilol, celiprolol, esmolol, labetalol, levobunolol, metipranolol, metoprolol,
nadolol, oxprenolol, pindolol, propranolol, sotalol, timolol.

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